Gender Relations in Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart Essay -- Things

Gender dealings in Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart In Chinua Achebes novel Things Fall Apart, the Ibo peoples remote society has a strict system of behavioral customs according to gender. These customs strongly restrict the freedom of Ibo women and help to reinforce generation afterward generation the notion that Ibo men are superior to the women of their tribe. Among the people of this society, the condition of weakness is strongly associated with the state of being female. The worst insult that a bit can receive is to be called a woman. The novels main character, Okonkwo, is often obsessed with proving his strength as a man because he seeks to escape the reputation of his bewilder who was considered by his fellow clansmen to be weak like a woman. He is ashamed when he learns that agbala was not only another name for woman, it could also miserly a man who had taken no title when this insult is applied to his father. Okonkwo takes the insecurity of his manliness to extremes, and even unnecessarily kills the adopted son whom he loves late in order to prove his unwavering emotional fortitude. Dazed with fear, Okonkwo drew his machet and cut him down. He was afraid of being thought weak.(43) In Ibo culture, it is practically a disgrace to be born a female. This attitude is apparent in considering the emphasis placed on women to bear sons in order to transmit on the honor of the family. When a woman had borne her third son in succession, her husband slaughtered a goat for her, as was the custom.(56) A woman is honored only if she could bear... sons(82) to carry on a great familys name and honor. Okonkwo is greatly disappointed by the tendencies of his offspring in their gender roles. H... ... physical power that they can exercise. Although this oppression is scurvy from a modern North American standpoint, from the point of view of the Ibo women of this period it is quite acceptable and none of them feel any necessity to change their friendly system. Works Cited Achebe, Chinua. Things Fall Apart. 1958. The Norton Anthology of World Masterpieces, Expanded Edition, Vol. 1. Ed. Maynard Mack. London Norton, 1995. Mohanty, Chandra Talpade. Under Western Eyes Feminist Scholarship and Colonial Discourse. Feminist Review. 30 (Autumn 1988) 65-88. Nnaemeka, Obioma. Gender Relations and Critical Meditation From Things Fall Apart to Anthills of the Savannah. Challenging Hierarchies Issues and Themes In Colonial and Post colonial African Literature. Society and Politics in Africa. Vol 5. New York pricking Lang Publishing, 1998. 137-160.

Activity Based Costing Essay -- essays research papers

IntroductionActivity Based Costing (ABC) addresses internal operating concerns and is an augmentation to the traditional follow management system. It is not a replacement for traditional accounting, but makes use of the source documents provided from standard job speak toing systems. ABC looks at a business concern units events as greet drivers and assigns all company resources and accumulated bells against those events in a time-phased sequence. Revenue tracking provides management with a diverse point of view on the profitability of products and services, providing insight into pricing. Middle management and technical performing organizations are involved in the line item report provided within the ABC system, enabling management to achieve more responsibility of reported information throughout all levels of the organization. ABC is being ostensible by the accounting industry as the wave of the future and is gaining broad acceptance within larger organizations. This system is intended to provide performing entities and management alike. archives of ABCActivity Based Costing (ABC) is an approach to costing that considers the resources consumed by activities in order to create and deliver a product or service. It evolved in the mid-1980s to improve the allocation of manufacturing overhead costs to products, but it soon became apparent that activity-based costing systems could be expanded to include non-manufacturing costs (Langfield-Smith, Thorne & Hilton, 2004).Review of ABCWhereas the implicit in(p) assumption of a conventional costing system is simply that products cause costs, an activity based costing system assumes that cost objects (e.g. juice) creates the demand for activities (e.g. manufacturing), which in play causes resources to be consumed (e.g. manufacturing time, outlet space, etc.) and causes costs. Cost objects are the reason for performing activities, and activities are the processes or procedures that cause work and create costs. AB C analyses costs from the perception of the how oft a particular activity costs, and the amount of resources consumed by the end product of the activity. Using activity based costing differs from traditional cost accounting in that the focus is on the activities that are required to produce an end product, rather than assuming that the volume of the end product is the only driver of costs. A cost driver is ... ... operationsProblems with ABCWhile activity-based costing may yield more detailed product cost estimates, it must pass a cost benefit test before being implemented. Activity-based costing requires a much more detailed breakdown of costs into activities that cause costs. This can be a complex task involving the teamwork of management, production, accounting, purchasing, marketing and many others. A company should implement ABC only if it thinks the benefit from improved management decisions will outweigh the cost of establishing and maintaining the new cost system. Furtherm ore, there might be underestimation of the task of collecting activity driver data, and the implementation of this system may be considered a financial management which might cause insufficient commitment from operational managers.We should use activity-based costing if we find the benefits from the new system exceed its costs.REFERENCE1.Innes, J & Mitchell, F. (1991), Activity Based Cost Management?, CIMA2.Smith, K.L., Thorne, H., Hilton, R.W., (2004), Management Accounting an Australian perspective?, 3rd edition, McGraw Hill

Pat Barkers Regeneration Essay -- Birth Control Pregnancy Essays

Contraception is a word commonly used in society today. With hundreds of types, brands, and methods of contraception available, it is concentrated to imagine a world without it or one in which it was against the law. However, decades ago at the turn of the 20th century, birth control was not easy to give rise or looked upon as socially acceptable. It was during the First World War that society began to see the emergence of contraception and its acceptance. Readers can also see its emergence in Regeneration on page 128, as Billy Prior propositions his new love interest by stating he always paddles with me boots on, a reference to the fact that he, as an army man, always wears contraception when having intercourse. With this background, we can now see how Pat Barker uses this brief cultural reference to remind readers of the history of contraception for both men and women during the war and to suggest how people can find emotionally fulfilling and loving personal relationships thro ugh sex, a main theme in the novel.Many men during the war were soldiers. With the constant travel and movement of their platoons, soldiers did not stay in one place or, for that matter, with one girl. Consequently, during the First World War, condoms were transfer out to soldiers as a preventative measure against the spread of venereal disease (Robb 65). Because soldiers would sometimes have many partners, condoms became a necessity to carry. Lesley A. Hall wrote, It is much stated that condoms gained, as it were, a certain currency through being distributed to troops, by soldiers trading them back and forth to decrease, once again, the spread of disease. Currency suggests that condoms became of value, roughly to that of money, during the war. This increase of ca... ...een Prior and Sarah. By seeing these two characters begin the courting process, go through the choice to use birth control, and then fall in love, the readers understanding of Prior and Sarahs relationship, and t he importance of sex in that relationship, help shape contraceptions significance to the novel.Works CitedBarker, Pat. Regeneration. New York Plume, 2003.Bullough, Vern L., and Bonnie Bullough. A Brief History of Population Control and Contraception. Free Inquiry. 14.2 (1994) 16-7Hall, Lesley A. Angus McLaren, Twentieth Century Sexuality. 1999. 12 Apr. 2003. <http//homepages.primex.co.uk/lesleyah/mclaren.htmHall, Lesley A. History of Condoms. 2003. 12 Apr. 2003. <http//homepages.primex.co.uk/lesleyah/acbcond.htmMarie Stopes. 2003. Spartacus Online. 12 Apr. 2003 <http//www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/b33.htm